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Can Solar, former FTX basic counsel, took the stand on Thursday to testify on behalf of the prosecution’s case in opposition to Sam Bankman-Fried. Solar has a non-prosecution settlement in trade for his cooperation.
The Yale regulation college grad joined FTX on the finish of August 2021 and stayed till early November 2022 shortly after the crypto trade collapsed. Earlier than going in-house on the trade, Solar labored for Fenwick & West the place he additionally suggested FTX as exterior counsel.
As soon as in-house, Solar’s position consisted of varied authorized features like acquiring regulatory licenses for the trade and coping with how FTX handled buyer property — or so he thought, he testified. Bankman-Fried had allegedly informed him that FTX buyer deposits had been unequivocally “safeguarded, segregated and guarded.”
When requested by prosecutors whether or not he ever authorised FTX’s use of buyer property, Solar replied, “no, completely not” and stated he was informed the client funds had been held in a separate account that didn’t embrace FTX’s personal proprietary funds, and he was not conscious Alameda was getting FTX buyer deposits.
“In all my conversations with Sam, it was all the time stated that buyer property had been “safeguarded, segregated and guarded,” Solar stated.
Throughout Solar’s testimony, prosecutors highlighted the phrases of service which didn’t allow the trade to the touch buyer funds. (Solar testified he had labored on the TOS however that it was largely completed by the point he joined.) One provision said that “not one of the digital property in your accounts are the property of, or shall or, could also be loaned to FTX buying and selling”; there was one other that stated clients “management the digital property held in your account.”
Bankman-Fried wore a grey go well with that bunched up on his shoulders and neck as he sat. He spent a lot of the day typing on his laptop computer or passing notes to his authorized workforce. His mother and father sat in the identical bench they’ve occupied for the reason that begin of trial.
When the phrases of service had been introduced up in proof, Bankman-Fried’s mom, Barbara Fried appeared up the ceiling, took notes, appeared on the monitor after which again at her son on rotation. She additionally put her head in her fingers and pressed her thumb to her temple, rubbed her eyes a couple of instances and appeared again at Bankman-Fried throughout the prosecution’s testimony.
Solar discovered that Alameda was not exempt from auto liquidation, which allowed the buying and selling agency to go “infinitely detrimental,” on FTX’s platform in August or September 2022. “I used to be shocked … [it] went in opposition to the whole lot we informed regulators and customers.” He added that he was informed that Alameda’s liquidation exemption had by no means been triggered — which different witnesses like FTX co-founder Gary Wang have testified to not be true. Regardless, Solar requested for it to be eliminated, and he was informed that Bankman-Fried and Nishad Singh, head of FTX engineering, stated “no.”
As a substitute, Solar testified that he obtained the associated events to agree that it could be made clear to customers and regulators that the Alameda’s privileges could be modified to delayed liquid mechanisms. It was authorised by FTX’s authorized workforce, but it surely by no means made it by the enterprise aspect on the time of FTX’s collapse in November, Solar stated.
Throughout cross-examination, Solar stated he considered resigning over the state of affairs, however he didn’t know on the time that it was the identical mechanism Alameda used to take FTX funds.
Documenting loans
Throughout Solar’s time at FTX, he was additionally liable for documenting loans for FTX. There have been over 30 loans he documented the place Alameda loaned cash to Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh. He testified that he thought Alameda would make private loans to the three people and inject funds into FTX for capital. “I had no concept buyer funds had been getting used,” Solar stated.
Solar created a spreadsheet that saved observe of the greater than 30 loans made to Bankman-Fried, Wang and Singh; the loans totaled over $2.17 billion. “In the event that they weren’t on my spreadsheet, I used to be not conscious of them,” Solar stated.
Solar additionally acquired a private mortgage of $2.3 million as a part of a “administration incentive program” to get him to maneuver to the Bahamas from Hong Kong, shortly after he joined the corporate. He additionally obtained a bonus of $3.5 million in January 2022, about 5 months after becoming a member of FTX.
November talks with Apollo
On Nov. 7, 2022, 4 days earlier than FTX filed for chapter, Solar joined a name with Apollo International Administration, Ramnik Arora of FTX Ventures, and others in an try to boost capital from the agency and “assist remedy the liquidity downside that FTX had for buyer withdrawals.”
After an preliminary name, Apollo requested for FTX’s monetary statements and Solar and associated events shared it with them. “I used to be shocked as a result of it confirmed FTX was quick $7 billion.”
Solar stated he requested questions on the way it was calculated — he stated the spreadsheet was messy — and he “didn’t get straight responses,” however as an alternative simply “obscure solutions” from Singh and Bankman-Fried. Trying again at that second, Solar recollects Bankman-Fried was there “typing away” on his laptop computer, barely talking. Whereas Singh was “pale and grey” and appeared like his “soul [was] plucked away from him,” Solar stated.
After sharing the numbers with Apollo, Bankman-Fried informed Solar that the agency requested for authorized justification for lacking funds and allegedly requested Solar to provide you with one. Solar proposed three “theoretical arguments,” however “there have been no authorized justifications for funds lacking.”
Solar testified he went on a stroll that evening with Bankman-Fried round an house on the luxurious resort, The Albany, the place many FTX staff lived. Throughout that dialog, Solar informed Bankman-Fried that not one of the theoretical arguments would justify why the FTX funds had been lacking; Solar testified that SBF replied “yup, yup” and “obtained it.”
Throughout a dialog with Singh later that evening, Solar stated the previous engineer disclosed to him that Alameda’s “no liquidation” methodology was how the agency withdrew the billions of {dollars} in buyer deposits.
Solar resigned from the corporate the subsequent day.